What is a brand?

Design Defined

Apr 10

As the owner of a business or startup, the subject of branding has probably come up in one or more conversations. If you’re like most people, the meaning of the word "brand" is fuzzy, and you might find yourself asking “what is a brand?” or “do I need a brand?”

Despite the fact that the word "brand" has become a near-meaningless buzzword, the concept is more important than ever in the crowded marketplace we all must do business in. So I wanted to try to tackle the question of “what is a brand?” once and for all, as well as related questions of what is brand-ing, how you go about building a brand, the benefits and challenges of branding and what kind of organization should invest in developing a meaningful brand.

What a brand isn’t

Before we get into what constitutes a brand, lets first talk a little about what it is not. You’ve probably heard this before, but I’m going to say it again: your logo is not your brand. A logo is simply one of your brand's assets—a hallmark. Your corporate colors, mascot or product or company name are also not your brand. These items are all important identifiers of your brand, but they are not the brand itself. A brand is not actually a tangible thing—it is a concept.

So what is a brand?

If you’ve done any reading or research about the concept of branding, you know that there seem to be a lot of ways to define what is a brand. Here are a few of the clearest and most concise definitions of a brand that I have read:

A brand is “a person’s gut feeling about a product, service, or company.” — Marty Neumeier
A brand is “a singular idea or concept that you own inside the mind of a prospect.” — Al Reis
A brand is “a promise wrapped in an experience.” — Charlie Hughes and William Jeanes
A brand is “the set of characteristics that arise in a customer’s mind when that person hears your name.” — Bill Chiaravalle
A brand is “a container for a customer’s complete experience with the product or company.” — Sergio Zyman
A brand is “a methodical influence on the creation of beliefs in the consumer's mind.” — Dan Herman

Basically, a brand is your customer’s perception of you. It is an intangible concept—your audience's emotions and feelings toward you. As Marty Neumeier has famously said: “a brand is not what you say it is. It's what they (your customers) say it is.”

What is branding?

So if a brand is what your customer or audience thinks about you, branding is the process of shaping and influencing that perception. The fact is that your organization already is a brand—meaning, your customer already has an opinion of you—it is just up to you whether you choose to be involved in purposefully shaping those thoughts.

You shape your audience's perception by designing the experience associated with your organization. Other synonyms for branding would be signaling, positioning, or as defined by Debbie Millman, “deliberate differentiation.” As reflected in Millman's statement, branding requires a great deal of intentionality.

How do I build a brand?

If branding is deliberate differentiation, then you must start your brand development by identifying how you intend to be different. Notice I said "how you intend to be different" not just "how you are different." Differentiation is not a given, you must search it out.

The first step to discovering your difference is to identify your purpose for being in business. Once you know your purpose, you can identify your organizational beliefs and define the style by which you conduct business. These items—purpose, beliefs and style—make up the foundation of your brand. If the term foundation isn't clear enough, you can also think of these qualities as the skeleton or DNA of your brand. Your brand foundation is the concept (you know, the intangible concept referenced earlier) that you want to reflect to the world.

Your brand foundation is only one half of the equation though. Once you understand your foundation, you must develop a plan for acting on that concept. It is this action, or experience, that brings the brand to life for your customer. Your brand experience is built from visuals, words and interactions that are designed to demonstrate your organization's purpose, beliefs and style.

You must consistently reflect your foundational principles through each point of contact with your customers in order to influence their perception of your organization in their mind.

What are the challenges of branding?

The benefits of branding are many (we'll get to that in a minute), but it is not for the lazy or short-sighted. Building a meaningful brand is hard (but potentially very rewarding) work. Here are a few challenges you'll need to be prepared to face:

Your brand vision has to come from the top. The leadership of your organization must be intimately involved with the development and execution of the brand (down to even the most seemingly insignificant aspects of the business). You have to actually have beliefs to build on. Identification of your purpose and beliefs requires a lot of soul-searching that not everyone is prepared to take on.
You'll be forced to find your uniqueness (or face your lack thereof). Branding is deliberate differentiation, so you'll need to search out those differentiators, and if you can't find them you may need to pivot onto a different path that is less traveled.
It only works if it is authentic. Customers will see right through you if you're not authentic. This means you might need to face the fact that what you actually are isn't what you want to be, and from there you'll need to decide whether to make a change or find a unique angle on your current qualities.
It is never done. Not only must you always be intentional in how you present the brand, but it is natural for your brand to evolve little by little over time and you must remain in-tune to those changes and realign continually.
You will have to say no sometimes. Once you put a stake in the ground, you will realize that not all opportunities or decisions align with your beliefs. Things that may very well work for other organizations might no longer be a good fit for yours. You'll need to make tough decisions in order to deliver on the promise you've made with your brand.
Your customers will hold you to a higher standard. The stronger your brand, the greater your customers' expectations will be. They'll be rocked by any piece of your experience that is not on-brand, and they will let you know about it. Let this feedback challenge and fuel you to become an even better organization.
It is an investment. One of the driving principles behind branding is building value for your customers, and developing value is rarely the cheapest way to go. Not only must you invest a great deal of your own time and energy into it, but you'll need professional help with execution, and gone are the days of simply picking the cheapest production option and running with it. All of these items require consideration now, but those considerations will pay off in the long run.
It is a long game. It takes time and there isn't always a metric to track it. But I challenge you to watch your numbers over time, and you should see long-term gains in customer loyalty, referrals, and profit margins.

What are the benefits of branding?

Yes, that was a long list of potential hurdles, but the benefits of branding are powerful. Consider this: when you invest in building a brand, you create something your customers can believe in. They believe in you because they find a reflection of themselves or who they want to be in you. Finding a reflection of yourself in a product or service translates to fierce loyalty, and loyalty is pretty much the pièce de résistance of any sales strategy. But it gets even better than that: loyalty is an indicator of value, which typically produces a nice side effect in the ability to command a premium price because your customers place a higher value on your product or service than they do on your competitors' products or services.

How do I know if I need to build a brand?

Let’s call a spade a spade: not every organization needs to build a brand. If you sell a commodity product or service and have no desire to put in the work to innovate your way out of that position, then branding is not for you. When you sell a commodity, you are signing up for a race to the bottom on price, and branding has no horse in that race. However, industries that have long been labeled as commodities are rapidly spawning new upstarts that are finding ways to compete on true value, so you may not be stuck in the commodity game if you don't want to be.

On the flip side, if you sell a product or service that is rooted in creating true value for your customer, then branding is for you. You will want to take a look at the foundations of your organization and make an honest judgment on whether you can identify a true area (or multiple areas) of differentiation. Once you've identified your differentiator(s), you need to question whether they are being reflected in your customer's experience or if you need to put work into better defining the experience of the brand to be more memorable. If you're wedged into a crowded market, you might look to brand development to differentiate you from the pack, or if you look around at your competitors and can't see any evidence of a strong brand presence within their organizations, then you could be sitting on a prime opportunity to develop a meaningful brand own your market in the eyes of your customer.

Remember, your customers are developing their perception of your organization right at this moment. Now that you have a better understanding of branding—have you done anything lately to shape that perception, and ensure it is accurate and memorable?